When considered in light of all other available relevant facts, the trial's evidence fails to establish the existence of any conspiracy to kill Dr. King. According to Jowers, a Memphis produce dealer, who was involved with the Mafia, gave him $100,000 to hire an assassin and assured him that the police would not be at the scene of the shooting. Bradley Beal hits season high as Wizards fight to the finish in Atlanta, Caps trade away two more veterans, add young defenseman Rasmus Sandin, Commanders cut Carson Wentz and Bobby McCain, clearing cap space. [2] James Earl Ray was the oldest of nine children,[3] including John Larry Ray,[4] Franklin Ray, Jerry William Ray,[5] Melba Ray, Carol Ray Pepper, Suzan Ray, and Marjorie Ray. Over the next several years, Ray embarked on a number of small crimes, serving various jail times. They were recaptured on June 13. Additionally, Jowers has been inconsistent about other aspects of the alleged conspiracy, including his role in it, Raoul's responsibilities, whether and how Memphis police officers were involved, and the disposal of the alleged murder weapon. Experts have also studied Rays movements leading up to the assassination, including a mysterious trip to New Orleans that March and a move to Atlanta, the funding and logistics of which raise questions. Kershaw convinced Ray to submit to a polygraph test as part of an interview with Playboy. August 29, 1968 #286 One week on the list No I didn't." Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Even those who believe that Ray, who died in prison in 1998, killed King tend to think that he received assistance from someone, whether it was his two brothers or the FBI or the mafia. You can unsubscribe at any time. Please attempt to sign up again. Ray was born in 1928 and grew up outside St. Louis. Rays unreliability has meant the only way to find out what might have motivated him is to study the people he associated with and admired. Ray pleaded guilty to the murder of King on March 10, 1969. Now weve got to do something about this, weve got to give them something, just enough to quiet them down, not enough to make a difference. Johnson continued, Ill have those ni**ers voting Democrat for the next 200 years.. Jowers also reported that he hired a hit man to shoot Dr. King from behind Jim's Grill and received the murder weapon prior to the killing from someone with a name sounding like Raoul. ", And Gerald Posner, whose recent book, "Killing the Dream" made the case that Mr. Ray was the killer, said, "It distresses me greatly that the legal system was used in such a callous and farcical manner in Memphis. On June 10, 1977, Ray and six other convicts escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in Petros, Tennessee. She was also a guest speaker for the womens branch of the KKK. He also initially sought compensation for his story, and his friends and relatives acknowledge that he hoped to make money from his account. WebJames Earl Ray was a supporter of George Wallace - who was a democrat in the 1960s but was on the side of segregation, which when you hear about the party switch of that time, Jowers also abandoned his initial allegation that he received $100,000 with which he hired a hit man to kill Dr. King, claiming instead that he merely held the money for the conspirators. The source of his money is the single biggest question.. By signing up you are agreeing to our, What Happened to Martin Luther King Jr.'s Last Campaigns, The 25 Defining Works of the Black Renaissance. I had nothing to do with killing [Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.]. Joe Biden recently stated to Black America if you arent voting for me, you aint black. This arrogant comment is a reflection of how Biden and the Democrat Party feel about Black America. Its hard to know exactly who. The U.S. Justice Department concluded in June 2000 the "allegations originating with Loyd Jowers are not credible": After reviewing all available materials from prior official investigations and other sources, including the evidence from King v. Jowers, and after conducting a year and a half of original investigation, we have concluded that the allegations originating with Loyd Jowers and Donald Wilson are not credible. Please try again later. In the mid-1990s, Ray's defenders changed the spelling to "R-A-U-L" when they believed that a man living in New York state, whose first name is Raul, was the Raoul described by Ray. Some witnesses, including then-New York Times reporter Earl Caldwell, said they saw a man moving in the thick bushes behind Jims Grill, below the bathroom. In addition to his segregationist beliefs, he also saw a big payday, some historians have said, in killing Black leaders like H. Rap Brown, Stokely Carmichael and, of course, King. However, any claim made by Ray about his guilt or innocence should be weighed against his strong incentive to be freed from prison (where he died in 1998). Born on March 10, 1928, in Alton, Illinois, was the eldest of George and Lucille Ray's nine children. Born in a poor family, Ray had a difficult childhood as his father could not support his family. He then repudiated his claims when required to testify to them under oath: At the time of the assassination, Loyd Jowers owned and operated Jim's Grill, a tavern below the rooming house where James Earl Ray rented a room on April 4, 1968. Ray was convicted in 1969 after entering a guilty pleathus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentenceand was sentenced to 99 years of imprisonment. For reasons unknown, Memphis public works employees cut down the bushes and destroyed a possible crime scene the next morning. In the mock trial, the prosecutor was Hickman Ewing. By allowing ads to appear on this site, you support the local businesses who, in turn, support great journalism. [23][24][25], Ray fled to Atlanta in his white Ford Mustang, driving eleven hours. What Biden and the Democrats have done through the years is offer appetizers to Black America without ever delivering the full course meal. No. As far as I knew, he was a common bandit who suddenly tried for his 15 minutes. The biggest notoriety he had was as an escape artist. Tennessee Moreover, Jowers' repudiations, even under oath, his failure to testify during King v. Jowers, his refusal to cooperate with our investigation, his reported motive to make money from his claims, and his efforts along with his friends to promote his story all suggest a lack of credibility. The verdict came as the Justice Department was reinvestigating the case because of Jowerss claims and those of a former FBI agent who said he had found evidence in Rays car in 1968 linking him to Raul but had withheld it until 1997. Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? The NAACP sent Rosa Parks to investigate. Two years later, his young sister Marjorie, died in a fire after playing with matches and accidentally catching herself on fire. [32][33], Airport officials noticed that Ray carried another passport under a second name. I found gaps in his movements that are mysterious and you just dont know who hes meeting with. Youre going to kill somebody and then drop the gun right there? Ray claimed that he had given the gun to Raul, but only Rays fingerprints were on the gun. He then drove to Mexico, stopping in Acapulco before settling in Puerto Vallarta on October 19, 1967. According to Pew, the percentage of Americans who said they could trust the federal government to do the right thing nearly always or most of the time went from an all-time high of 77% in 1964 to 36% by the end of the 1970s. John Karl Kershaw (October 12, 1913 September 7, 2010) was an American attorney best known for challenging the official account of the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968, claiming that his client James Earl Ray was an unwitting participant in a ploy devised by a mystery man named Raul to kill the civil rights leader. [38] The tests ultimately proved inconclusive. Indeed, compelling evidence including Rays fingerprints on the rifle that was later determined to be the murder weapon seemed to point to him. Your answer to that one is also yes. In a criminal trial the guilt of the defendant must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt, but in a civil suit the plaintiff need only support his claim with a preponderance of evidence to prevail. The latter (King vs. Jowers) was a civil suit brought by agents of King's estate (including his widow, Coretta Scott King) against a man named Loyd Jowers, who claimed to have taken part in a conspiracy to assassinate King. There were things in Memphis that were suspicious and raised questions in my mind, Lawson said. On April 4, 1968, Ray stood in the bathtub of the bathroom, balanced his rifle on a window ledge and shot King as the civil rights leader was standing on a balcony outside of his motel room. In 1959, he was caught stealing $120 in an armed robbery of a Kroger store in St. He was convinced that he would escape capture because of his intelligence and cunning, and he also believed that Governor of Alabama George Wallace would soon be elected to the presidency, so that Ray would only be confined in prison for a short time, pending a presidential pardon by Wallace. If the FBI or CIA was involved, they had destroyed the documentation of it by 1979, he said. [31] At check-in, the ticket agent noticed the name on his passport, Sneyd, was on a Royal Canadian Mounted Police watchlist. The photo still haunts us with what was lost. [36] However, Ray spent the remainder of his life unsuccessfully attempting to withdraw his guilty plea and secure a jury trial. Ray's first conviction for criminal activity, a burglary in California, came in 1949. Hoover had ordered surveillance, wiretaps and listening devices placed in Kings rooms starting in 1963, apparently infuriated by Kings criticism of the FBI for not having black agents or investigating civil rights cases. Also at issue is the difference between Ray's guilty plea in 1969, which avoided his undergoing a criminal trial, and the case cited by the rumors, which was a civil trial heard in 1999. The family accepted $100 in restitution to demonstrate they were not pursuing the case for financial gain, and they publicly stated that Ray, in their opinion, had nothing to do with the assassination. "I believe you," Dexter responded and shook his hand. Frustrated with his results and jilted by the prostitute with whom he had formed a relationship, Ray left Mexico on or around November 16, 1967, [11] arriving in Los Angeles three days later. While there, Ray attended a local bartending school and took dance lessons. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. Jowers further maintained that Ray did not shoot Dr. King and that he did not believe Ray knowingly participated in the conspiracy. The New York Times. JFK conspiracy theories: The grassy knoll, Umbrella Man, LBJ and Ted Cruzs dad, Dave Garrow, a Pulitzer Prize-winning biographer of King, said that the King children are part of a larger population of American people who need to believe that the assassination of a King or a Kennedy must be the work of mightier forces rather than victims of small-fry, lifetime losers., People need to see something of a balance between effect and cause, Garrow said. Ray began to claim that the man he knew only as Raul was present in Memphis on April 4, and that Ray himself was at a nearby gas station when the shot was fired. But there was no definitive evidence to prove the theory, and the Wallace supporters were dead by 1979. Findings by federal authorities and the House Select Committee on Assassinations are confident about some things. On 2nd April, 1968, Ray packed a bag and drove to Memphis. On the map, the locations of the church and residence of Martin Luther King Jr. were circled. BND archives Ray blinked in the original photo. Im not saying he didnt have help, Campbell said. That claim prompted the family to push unsuccessfully for a new trial. Kim LaCapria is a former writer for Snopes. This article was published more than4 years ago. He at first fled to Canada but, unable to get on a ship and flee overseas, he returned to the U.S. and made his way to first Alabama, then Mexico, and later Los Angeles. Ray died at Columbia Nashville Memorial Hospital in Nashville, Tennessee, on April 23, 1998. Those are about the only facts that arent in dispute. In 1977, James Earl Ray, who assassinated Martin Luther King Jr., escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in the town of Petros in Morgan County, Tennessee. After Coretta King and her family pleaded with President Bill Clinton in 1998 to reinvestigate the case, Attorney General Janet Reno assigned civil rights special counsel Barry Kowalski, who previously prosecuted the Los Angeles police officers in the Rodney King beating, to review the newest conspiracy allegations. Not everyone in the Kings circle agrees with the full extent of Peppers investigation, but they agree that Ray was framed. U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations, Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act, King: A Filmed Record Montgomery to Memphis, The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306, Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story, Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King. Instead, our sole concern has been that the full truth of the assassination has been revealed and adjudicated in a court of law. And contrary to the rumor's assertion, the 1999 civil case involving Jowers was widely reported by major news outlets at the time (including, as referenced above, the New York Times). It didnt help that Rays story kept changing. In 1955, he was convicted of mail fraud after stealing money orders in Hannibal, Missouri. The Democrat Party and Biden are no longer slave owners to Black America as they have a right to make an independent and educated decision. Among those who could have been pardoned was James Earl Ray, who just a decade before had assassinated Martin Luther King Jr. in Memphis. After shooting King, Ray immediately fled, setting off a manhunt that would last more than two months and cover five countries. Campbell said Jowers had been recorded saying that he would tailor his story for financial gain. He has claimed that while in Montreal he met a man named Raul, of varying physical descriptions over the years, who enlisted him in several small gunrunning schemes, and instructed him to buy a rifle in Birmingham, Ala. On the afternoon of April 4, Ray checked into a boardinghouse in Memphis, with a bar called Jims Grill on the first floor. This case overlooked so much contradictory evidence that never was presented, what other option did the jury have but to accept Mr. Pepper's version? Pepper became convinced of Rays innocence and continued to investigate the case even after Ray died. Her family filed a civil suit in 1999 to force more information into the public eye, and a Memphis jury ruled that the local, state and federal governments were liable for Kings death. Housed at the Missouri State Penitentiary, Ray managed to escape the facility in 1967. I don't know what his political affiliation was. What I DO know, is were he alive today, hed be wearing that Red Maggot Lobotomy cap and, be celeb He left Toronto in late May on a flight to England. He was a democrat. Asked about the King familys suspicions, an FBI spokesman responded in a statement that the government has revisited the assassination four times: Findings from these reviews support the FBIs conclusion that James Earl Ray, acting alone, fired a rifle once, fatally wounding Dr. King on April 4, 1968, at the Lorraine Motel.. At one point, he claimed a person named Raul told him to kill King, but theres no convincing proof of such an idea, according to Sides. Questions and speculation may always surround the assassination of Dr. King and other national tragedies. For example, he not only identified two different people as the assassin, but also most recently claimed that he saw the assassin and did not recognize him. In recent years,Pepper has tracked down witnesses in Memphis who support his theory of the case: that J. Edgar Hoover used his longtime assistant, Clyde Tolson, to deliver cash to members of the Memphis underworld, that those shadowy figures then hired a sharpshooting Memphis police officer, and that officer not Ray fired the fatal shot. After this, Ray was on the run and was captured in the UK. Ray himself countered that he was not the only one involved in the crime. You have reached your limit of 4 free articles. They want to tease Black America just enough to have them turn out to vote and then see them again in four years. Then Loyd Jowers, the owner of Jims Grill, began claiming publicly that he was involved in a conspiracy to kill King. He broke out of prisons so many times that he earned the nickname the Mole.. In December 1993, Jowers appeared on ABC's Prime Time Live and radically changed his story, claiming he participated in a plot to assassinate Dr. King. [21], After purchasing the rifle and accessories, Ray drove back to Atlanta. The jury was clearly convinced by the extensive evidence that was presented during the trial that, in addition to Mr. Jowers, the conspiracy of the Mafia, local, state and federal government agencies, were deeply involved in the assassination of my husband. The Democrats opposed all Amendments. WebJames Earl Ray was an American assassin convicted for the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. After his conviction, he spent all his life in prison. Pepper first visited Ray in prison in 1978 along with Ralph Abernathy, one of Kings closest associates. We are going to continue our conversation about the King assassination. [14] The notion of living in Rhodesia continued to appeal to Ray for several years afterwards, and it was his intended destination after King's assassination. I Am a Man: The ugly Memphis sanitation workers strike that led to MLKs assassination, The King family has lauded Pepper repeatedly, and he was honored by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference for his unceasing commitment in the pursuit of justice., I think the people of this country are entitled to know the truth, Pepper said. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our. Further, he has also renounced his confessions in certain private conversations without his attorney. What was milliard fillmore's [7], Ray committed a variety of crimes prior to the murder of King. Today, Planned Parenthood is predominately in the black community with half of all black pregnancies ending in an abortion. The Rhodesian government expressed its disapproval. Certainly he hated Dad. Mr. Ray was set up to take the blame.. [29] Ray was then arrested at London Heathrow Airport attempting to leave the United Kingdom for Brussels. Yellin, Emily. The paper reported King's planned return trip to Memphis, Tennessee, which was scheduled for 1st April, 1968. James Earl Ray was capture in Nashville,Tennesee. He had Irish, Scottish and Welsh ancestry and had a Catholic upbringing. John Campbell, who investigated the case for years in the Shelby County, Tenn., district attorneys office, said that Rays version of events kept changing. His office issued a report in 1998 saying Ray was responsible. But they are unanimous on one key point: James Earl Ray did not kill Martin Luther King. Democrats fought a bloody civil war against Lincoln and the Republicans plan to free Black America. The family wasnt seeking money, just information. (In the event, the verdict referred only to "governmental agencies" rather than the U.S. government specifically, a term that could include anything from local police to the CIA.) In fact, credible evidence contradicting his allegations, as well as material inconsistencies among his accounts and his own repudiations of them, demonstrate that Jowers has not been truthful. I dont believe James Earl Ray killed my father. He has spoken around the world to anyone who will listen, including recently at the National Civil Rights Museum at the Lorraine Motel, where King was killed. He was a democrat. Rays lawyer J.B. Stoner was a known white supremacist, and Ray who also made clear his admiration for Hitler had done volunteer work for the 1968 presidential campaign of Alabamas former segregationist Governor George Wallace, who had gone head-to-head with King in Birmingham, Selma and Montgomery. A part of his life was shaped by tragedy. He escaped from the prison in April 1967, and some believe he had help from prison authorities, as part of the opening stanza of the conspiracy. [49] On June 9, 2000, the United States Department of Justice released a 150-page report rejecting allegations that there was a conspiracy to assassinate King, including the determination of the Memphis civil court jury. Martin Luther King, a Republican, fought against Democrats and racism with President John F. Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy, Democrats, wiretapping both King and his organizer, A. Phillip Randolph. Inspired by the failed jail break by James Earl Ray, the man convicted for the assassination of civil rights activist Martin Luther King and serving a 99-year sentence, [15], On March 5, 1968, Ray underwent a rhinoplasty, performed by physician Russell Hadley. "[45][46][47][48], Prompted by the King family's acceptance of some of the claims of conspiracy, United States Attorney General Janet Reno ordered a new investigation on August 26, 1998. Pepper wrote three books outlining the conspiracy, most recently The Plot to Kill King in 2016, which were largely ignored by the media. He paid $8.50 for a weeks stay. He had consistently denied any knowledge of the case for a quarter-century, but now he alleged the gunman was a Memphis police officer who fired from the bushes behind the grill, then handed Jowers the murder weapon. In segregated D.C., few officials feared rioting. [22], According to the FBI, on 4th April, 1968 Ray killed civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. with a single shot fired from his Remington rifle, while King was standing on the second-floor balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Three days after pleading guilty he recanted his confession, and for the next 28 years maintained his innocence, but by then it was too late. Toward the end of his life, Ray, whose sentence had been extended to 100 years after he escaped from prison in 1977, had the support of an unexpected ally: the King family. [50], Ray died on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70, at the Columbia Memorial Hospital from complications related to kidney disease and liver failure caused by hepatitis C.[51] His brother, Jerry, told CNN that his brother did not want to be buried or have his final resting place in the United States because of the way the government had framed him for living. Claim: The U.S. government was sued and found culpable for the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr., but the news media refused to report it. This material may not be reproduced without permission. Ray had been treated for liver disease over the years and according to the Tennessee Department of Correction, he died from that and kidney failure. I want to make it clear that my family has no interest in retribution. In court, Ray answered the standard series of questions about whether he was knowingly and voluntarily admitting he committed murder. As noted in the New York Times' report of the verdict, the one-sided presentation of the case allowed for no other result: John Campbell, an assistant district attorney in Memphis, who was not part of the civil proceedings but was part of the criminal case against Mr. Ray, said, "I'm not surprised by the verdict. On Assassinations are confident about some things Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. ] suspicious and raised questions in mind. Stated to Black America without ever delivering the full truth of the KKK Petros,,. Claiming publicly that he did not shoot Dr. King and that he earned nickname! Settling in Puerto Vallarta on October 19, 1967 facts that arent in dispute again four... Expert feel like he was knowingly and voluntarily admitting he committed murder later determined to the! 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